Plant: Taiwan Cherry (Prunus campanulate) 山櫻花

Prunus campanulata, commonly known as the Taiwan cherry, Formosan cherry, or bellflower cherry, was first described in 1883 by botanist Carl Johann Maximowicz. Native to Japan, Taiwan, southern and eastern China, and Vietnam, it is a deciduous cherry tree widely cultivated as an ornamental species. The tree is celebrated as a symbol of Nago in Japan’s Ryukyu Islands, the city tree of New Taipei City, and the city flower of Taichung City.

It blooms early in the year, with crimson to pink bell-shaped flowers appearing from January to February. The blossoms typically grow in small clusters of three and hang down like bells, with long stalks that protect the pollen from rain. Prunus campanulata is also ecologically significant, serving as a host for the butterfly Chrysozephyrus nishikaze and providing nectar for Taiwan yuhinas during breeding season. However, it is considered an invasive species in New Zealand’s Northland Region, where it is illegal to sell, propagate, or distribute the plant or its seeds.

山櫻花又稱鐘花櫻桃、鐘花櫻花、緋寒櫻、緋櫻、臺灣山櫻、福建山櫻花，最早由植物學家馬克西莫維奇於 1883 年詳述此花。原產於日本、台灣、中國南部和東部以及越南，是一種落葉喬木，廣泛栽培作為觀賞植物。在日本琉球群島，它是名護市的象徵；它是新北市市樹；是台中市市花。

這種植物在早春開花，一月至二月間會開出深紅色至粉紅色的鐘形花朵。花朵通常三朵簇生，像鈴鐺一樣垂掛下來，長長的花梗可以保護花粉免受雨淋。山櫻花也具有重要的生態意義，它是西風翠灰蝶幼蟲的寄主植物，並在繁殖季節為冠羽畫眉提供花蜜。然而，在紐西蘭北部地區，它被視為入侵物種，出售、繁殖或分發這種植物及其種子均屬違法行為。

Photo Date: 2021.02.04 Location: The Huntington Library
Photo Date: 2021.03.04 Location: The Huntington Library

Notes 筆記

  • Prunus campanulata is variously known in English as the Taiwan cherry, Formosan cherry, or bellflower cherry. It was described in 1883 by Carl Johann Maximowicz.
  • Prunus campanulata is a species of cherry native to Japan, Taiwan, southern and eastern China (Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Hunan, Fujian, and Zhejiang), and Vietnam.
  • It is widely grown as an ornamental tree, and a symbol of Nago in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. It is the city tree of New Taipei City and the city flower of Taichung City.
  • Prunus campanulata is a deciduous tree. In January and February, the full flower buds gradually open. The flower colors are crimson and pink. The long flower stalks protect the pollen from the rain. The inflorescences droop like bells. The petals are 5 and mostly 3 flowers grow in clusters.
  • The tree is an invasive plant species in the Northland Region of New Zealand. It is illegal to distribute, sell or propagate the plant or to distribute soil, gravel, etc., that contain the seeds or other parts of the plant.
  • Prunus campanulata is the host of larval Chrysozephyrus nishikaze, a butterfly species endemic to Taiwan. Flowers and nectar of Prunus campanulata are the main food sources of Taiwan yuhinas during their breeding season.
  • There are about 200 species of Prunus in the world, and there are more than a dozen species in Taiwan. Prunus campanulata is the earliest blooming species every year.
  • Prunus campanulata is one of the many cherry blossom trees that blooms early. Their seeds portray a physiological and morphological dormancy that is broken when exposed to cold and warm temperatures before germination. The flower is fertilized by pollinating insects and can begin to flower in 1 to 2 years.
  • In Taiwan, Prunus campanulata blossoms are closely related to traditional Atayal farming. When the indigenous people of Atayal people see Prunus campanulata blossoms from February to March every year, it means the beginning of the millet planting ceremony and everyone is preparing to plant millet.
  • 山櫻花在英語中被稱為台灣櫻桃、福爾摩沙櫻桃或風鈴草櫻桃 (又名鐘花櫻桃、鐘花櫻花、緋寒櫻、緋櫻、臺灣山櫻、福建山櫻花)。馬克西莫維奇 (Carl Johann Maximowicz) 於 1883 年詳述此花。
  • 山櫻花是一種原產於日本、台灣、中國南部和東部（廣西、廣東、海南、湖南、福建和浙江）以及越南的櫻桃樹種。
  • 它被廣泛種植為觀賞樹木，也是日本琉球群島名護市的象徵。它也是新北市的市樹、台中市的市花
  • 山櫻花是一種落葉喬木。一、二月份時，飽滿的花蕾逐漸綻放。花朵呈深紅色和粉紅色。長長的花梗保護花粉免受雨水侵襲。花序呈鐘形下垂。花瓣 5 枚，通常 3 朵花簇生。
  • 這種樹是紐西蘭北部地區的入侵植物。分發、出售或繁殖這種植物，以及分發含有該植物種子或其他部分的土壤、礫石等，均屬違法行為。
  • 山櫻花是台灣特有蝴蝶－西風翠灰蝶幼蟲的寄主植物。山櫻花的花朵和花蜜是冠羽畫眉繁殖季節的主要食物來源。
  • 全世界大約有 200 種李屬植物，台灣就有十幾種。山櫻花是每年最早開花的品種。
  • 山櫻花是眾多早花櫻花樹種之一。其種子在萌發前會經歷生理和形態上的休眠，這種休眠狀態會在經歷冷熱交替後被打破。花朵透過昆蟲授粉，通常在 1 至 2 年後開始開花。
  • 在台灣，山櫻花與泰雅族的傳統農耕息息相關。每年二月至三月，泰雅族原住民看到山櫻花盛開，便預示著小米播種祭的開始，大家開始準備種植小米。

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