In April and May, you can see yellow mustard flowers in many places in Southern California. I didn’t know that there are different kinds of mustard flowers until I saw Black Mustard on the website of Chino Hills State Park. Going further, I learned that if you can look up or level to the top of the plant, it is Black Mustard. If you are looking down to the top of the plant, it is shortpod mustard. Rhamphospermum nigrum (syns. Brassica nigra and Sinapis nigra), black mustard, is an annual plant. It is native to tropical regions of North Africa, temperate regions of Europe and parts of Asia. It was introduced to the Pacific coast of North America and is considered an invasive species. It is cultivated for its dark-brown-to-black seeds, which are commonly used as a spice. The young leaves, buds and flowers are edible. In the UK, the plant was used to make “hot mustard baths”, which would aid people with colds. Ground seeds of the plant mixed with honey are widely used in eastern Europe as cough suppressant. In Eastern Canada, the use of mouche de moutarde to treat respiratory infections. Mustard poultice could also be used to aid muscular pains.
四、五月在南加州許多地方都可看到黃色的芥菜花，直到我在Chino Hills State Park的網頁看到黑芥菜，才知有不同種的芥菜花。更進一步找資料，得知如果你是抬頭或平看芥菜的頂部，那就是黑芥菜，如果低頭便能看到頂部的，則是短荚芥。黑芥菜（學名：Rhamphospermum nigrum，同義詞：Brassica nigra 和 Sinapis nigra）是一種一年生植物。它原生於北非的熱帶地區，歐洲的溫帶地區和亞洲的部分地區。它被引入北美太平洋海岸，被認為是一種入侵物種。人們種植它是為了獲取其深棕色至黑色的種子，這種種子通常用作香料。幼葉，花蕾和花朵均可食用。在英國，這種植物被用來製作“芥末熱浴”，以幫助感冒的人。磨碎的種子混合蜂蜜，在東歐被普遍用作止咳藥。在加拿大東部，使用 mouche de moutarde 治療呼吸道感染。芥末藥膏也可用於緩解肌肉疼痛。
Notes 筆記
- Rhamphospermum nigrum (syns. Brassica nigra and Sinapis nigra), black mustard, is an annual plant.
- It is cultivated for its dark-brown-to-black seeds, which are commonly used as a spice.
- It is an upright plant, with large stalked leaves. It blooms in summer. The flowers have four yellow petals, which are twice as long as the sepals. Each stem has around four flowers at the top, forming a ring around the stem. Later, the plant forms long seed pods, that contain four rounded seeds.
- The Latin specific epithet nigra is derived from the Latin word for black. This is due to the black seeds.
- It is native to tropical regions of North Africa, temperate regions of Europe and parts of Asia. It was introduced to the Pacific coast of North America and is considered an invasive species.
- More than 2,000 years ago, the plant was used as a condiment, it was mentioned by the Roman author Columella in the 1st century A.D. The plant leaves were also pickled in vinegar. In 13th century France the seeds were ground and used. They were mixed with partially fermented grape juice. This became later “moutarde”, now called mustard in English. The young leaves, buds and flowers are edible.
- In the UK, the plant was used to make “hot mustard baths”, which would aid people with colds. Ground seeds of the plant mixed with honey are widely used in eastern Europe as cough suppressant. In Eastern Canada, the use of mouche de moutarde to treat respiratory infections. Mustard poultice could also be used to aid muscular pains.
- 黑芥菜（學名：Rhamphospermum nigrum，同義詞：Brassica nigra 和 Sinapis nigra）是一種一年生植物。
- 人們種植它是為了獲取其深棕色至黑色的種子，這種種子通常用作香料。
- 它是一種直立的植物，有大莖葉。夏天盛開。花有四個黃色的花瓣，是萼片的兩倍大。每個莖的頂部大約有四朵花，在莖幹周圍形成一個環。之後有長的種子莢，其中含有四顆圓形種子。
- 拉丁文種名形容詞 nigra 源自拉丁文中的黑色。 因為黑色的種子。
- 它原生於北非的熱帶地區，歐洲的溫帶地區和亞洲的部分地區。它被引入北美太平洋海岸，被認為是一種入侵物種。
- 在公元1世紀時被羅馬作家科倫埃拉（Columella）提到 2,000 多年前，這種植物曾被用作調味品。植物的葉子也可浸在醋中。在13世紀的法國，種子被磨碎使用，它們與部分發酵的葡萄汁混合。 後來成為 moutarde 芥末，現在英文為 mustard 芥末。幼葉，花蕾和花朵均可食用。
- 在英國，這種植物被用來製作“芥末熱浴”，以幫助感冒的人。磨碎的種子混合蜂蜜，在東歐被普遍用作止咳藥。在加拿大東部，使用 mouche de moutarde 治療呼吸道感染。芥末藥膏也可用於緩解肌肉疼痛。
References 參考資料
- Wikipedia: Rhamphospermum nigrum
- 維基百科: 黑芥
Plants Posts 植物的帖子