In April 2025, I saw someone taking pictures of birds in Daan Forest Park in Taipei, Taiwan. I looked up at the tree for a long time but couldn’t find it. A kind bird lover nearby pointed it out to me and told me that it was a crested goshawk. The crested goshawk is a medium-sized bird of prey in the genus Lophospiza of the family Accipitridae. It is found in low-altitude forests in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. It has different appearances and sizes in different places. There are currently 11 subspecies. It is primarily a lowland bird, and an all-year resident.
2025 年 4月，我在臺灣台北市的大安森林公園看到有人在拍照鳥，我抬頭往樹上找了半天也找不著，旁邊一個好心的愛鳥人，指給我看，並告訴我這是鳳頭蒼鷹。鳳頭蒼鷹（鳳頭鷹），又名鳳頭雀鷹、粉鳥鷹、打鳥鷹或斑鳩鷹仔，是鷹形目鷹科 Lophospiza 屬下的一種中型猛禽。遍及東亞、東南亞至南亞等地的低海拔樹林，在各地有不同外觀及體型大小的變化，目前共有11種亞種。它主要是一種低地鳥類，並且是全年的留鳥。
Notes 筆記
- The Crested Goshawk is a medium-sized bird of prey in the genus Lophospiza of the family Accipitridae. It is found in low-altitude forests in East Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. For example, South China and Taiwan in Northeast Asia, India and Sri Lanka in South Asia, and the Philippines and Indonesia in Southeast Asia. It has different appearances and sizes in different places. There are currently 11 subspecies. It is primarily a lowland bird, and an all-year resident. The genus name Lophospiza is a combination of lophos, meaning "crown, peak", and spizias, meaning "eagle". The specific epithet trivirgata is a compound word of tri-, meaning "three", and virgatus, meaning "striped".
- The Crested Goshawk is characterized by the short crest on its head, the wide black central stripe on the front of the neck, the vertical stripes on the chest and the horizontal stripes on the abdomen, and the alternating dark and light stripes on the tail. This raptor has short broad wings and a long tail, both adaptations to manoeuvring through trees. It is 30–46 cm in length, with the female much larger than the male.
- The Crested Goshawk is a diurnal bird of prey that does not migrate and is a resident bird. Outside the breeding season, the Crested Goshawk mainly moves alone. They are territorial and ferocious by nature, but they will not attack humans. They are currently the only bird of prey in Taiwan that can live and breed in urban areas all year round.
- Crested Goshawks are carnivorous. When hunting, they often hide in trees and suddenly rush out to catch prey. When feeding young birds, adults usually only hunt and feed them during the day.
- The Crested Goshawk rarely makes any sound. However, during the breeding season, it sometimes makes a scream similar to "he, he, hehehehe", with the tail sound rising and repeated several times. When defending the nest, it will scream loudly, make low croaking sounds, and make deep frog sounds. There are also monotonous and sharp sounds like "zei——zei——".
- Crested Goshawks have fewer natural enemies in urban areas. In suburban areas, the main threats to their chicks are predation by large arboreal snakes and typhoons that damage the nests. The eggs are eaten by squirrels, or the chicks die from eating food infected with Trichomonas pigeons.
- 鳳頭蒼鷹（鳳頭鷹），又名鳳頭雀鷹、粉鳥鷹、打鳥鷹或斑鳩鷹仔，是鷹形目鷹科 Lophospiza 屬下的一種中型猛禽。遍及東亞、東南亞至南亞等地的低海拔樹林，例如東北亞的華南地區、台灣，南亞的印度和斯里蘭卡及東南亞的菲律賓和印尼等地，在各地有不同外觀及體型大小的變化，目前共有11種亞種。其屬名Lophospiza 由 lophos 意為「冠、峰」及 spizias 意為「鷹」所組成。而種小名 trivirgata 則是由tri- 意為「三」以及 virgatus 意為「有條紋的」所形成的合成詞。
- 鳳頭蒼鷹的特徵為其頭部的短冠羽，前頸處的寬黑中央條紋，胸前縱紋及腹部橫紋，及深淺交錯的尾部條紋。這種猛禽有短而寬的翅膀和長長的尾巴，這兩個特徵都是為了適應在樹林中穿梭。它們的體長為30至46 公分，雌性體型比雄性大得多。
- 鳳頭蒼鷹為日行性猛禽，也不會進行遷徙，是一種留鳥。在繁殖季節外，鳳頭蒼鷹以單獨活動為主。它們具有領域性，生性兇猛，但並不會攻擊人類。它們是台灣目前唯一能在都會區內終年生息並繁殖後代的猛禽。
- 鳳頭蒼鷹為肉食性，獵食時，它們多以隱匿在樹中再突然衝出的偷襲方式捕捉獵物。在哺育幼鳥時，成鳥通常只在白天時段獵食並餵養它們。
- 鳳頭蒼鷹較少發出聲音。但在繁殖期間有時會發出類似「he、he、hehehehe」的尖叫聲，尾音上揚，重複數次。保衛鳥巢時會大聲尖叫、發出低沉的嘎嘎聲、深沉的蛙鳴聲。也有如「zei——zei——」般單調尖厲的聲音。
- 鳳頭蒼鷹在都市區天敵較少。在市郊地區，其幼鳥的主要威脅是樹棲性的大型蛇類捕食及颱風破壞鳥巢。蛋被松鼠食用，或幼鳥食用到含有鴿子毛滴蟲感染的食物而死亡。
References 參考資料
- Wikipedia: Crested goshawk
- 維基百科: 鳳頭鷹
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