Plant: Passion Flowers (Passiflora) 西番蓮屬

Passiflora, known also as the passion flowers or passion vines, is a genus of about 550 species of flowering plants, the type genus of the family Passifloraceae. They are mostly tendril-bearing vines, with some being shrubs or trees. They usually have showy flowers. Root and leaves of passiflora contain compounds with anti-anxiety and sedative properties that can be used in treatment of epilepsy, hysteria and insomnia. The “Passion” in “passion flower” refers to the passion of Jesus in Christian theology. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Spanish Christian missionaries adopted the unique physical structures of this plant as symbols of the last days of Jesus and especially his crucifixion. Blue passion flower showing most elements of the Christian symbolism.
西番蓮屬是西番蓮科的開花植物，約有 550 種。它們大多是帶有捲須的藤蔓，但有些是灌木或樹木。通常有艷麗的花朵。西番蓮的根和葉中含有具有抗焦慮和鎮靜作用的化合物，可用於治療癲癇，歇斯底里症和失眠症。“熱情花” (“受難花”)中的“熱情”是指耶穌在基督教神學中的熱情。在15世紀和16世紀，西班牙基督教傳教士取用這種植物的獨特物理結構，將其作為耶穌末日被釘十字架的象徵。藍色的西番蓮，最能顯示岀基督教象徵主義中的元素。

Blue passionflower (Passiflora caerulea) 藍花西番蓮
Photo Date: 2020.03.11 Location: Peck Road Park
Photo Date: 2020.05.05 Location: Peck Road Park

Notes for Blue passionflower (Passiflora caerulea) 藍花西番蓮筆記

  • Passiflora caerulea, the blue passionflower, bluecrown passionflower or common passion flower, is a species of flowering plant native to South America.
  • Its fragrant flowers are blue-white with a prominent fringe of coronal filaments in bands of blue, white, yellow, and brown. The ovoid orange fruit is edible, but is variously described as having a bland, undesirable, or insipid taste.
  • In South America, the plant is known for its medicinal properties, and is used by both the Toba and the Maka peoples.
  • Passiflora caerulea is widely cultivated as a wall-climber or as groundcover. It is the only Passiflora species which volunteers in California. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
  • 藍西番蓮，又稱藍冠西番蓮、巴西耐寒西番蓮或普通西番蓮，是原產於南美洲的開花植物。
  • 其花朵芳香，呈藍白色，花冠花絲呈明顯的藍色、白色、黃色和棕色條紋。這種卵形的橙色果實可以食用，但有人描述說它味道淡而無味。
  • 在南美洲，這種植物因其藥用價值而聞名，並被托巴人和瑪卡人所使用。
  • 藍西番蓮被廣泛栽培為攀緣植物或地被植物。它是加州唯一一種自生的西番蓮屬植物。它獲得了皇家園藝學會的花園功績獎。
The winged-stem passion flower (Passiflora alata) 香蜜百香果
Photo Date: 2019.09.17 Location: LA Arboretum

Notes for The winged-stem passion flower (Passiflora alata) 香蜜百香果筆記

  • Passiflora alata, the winged-stem passion flower, bears an edible type of passion fruit. It is native to the Amazon, from Peru to eastern Brazil.
  • The local peoples refer to it as ouvaca, meaning "red star" due to the appearance of its flower. Other names include fragrant grenadilla, and maracuja de refresco.
  • The fragrant flower is 7–10 cm (3–4 in) wide, with red curved tepals, and a prominent fringed corona in bands of purple and white giving the appearance of stripes. It usually blooms around late summer or early fall, needing full sun exposure.
  • It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
  • 香蜜百香果是一種有翼莖的西番蓮，其果實可食用。它原產於亞馬遜地區，從秘魯到巴西東部。
  • 當地人因其花的外觀而將其稱為 ouvaca，意為“紅星”。其他名稱包括芳香黑果蔓和西番蓮果。
  • 芳香的花朵寬 7-10 公分（3-4 英寸），有紅色彎曲的花被，以及明顯的紫色和白色條紋的流蘇花冠。它通常在夏末或初秋開花，需要充足的陽光。
  • 它獲得了皇家園藝學會的花園功績獎。
Lavender Lady Passion Flower
Photo Date: 2018.10.06 Location: New York

Notes for Lavender Lady Passion Flower 筆記

  • Passiflora 'Lavender Lady' (Lavender Lady Passion Vine) – 4 inch wide flowers composed of lavender petals that are darkest toward the tips and nearly white in the center that surround the erect stamens and filaments that are different shades of purple. Blooms intermittently throughout the year, peak bloom season is during spring and fall.
  • A hybrid produced in by Patrick Worley using Passiflora amethystina and P. caerulea.
  • 薰衣草女士西番蓮藤－4 英吋寬的花朵由淡紫色的花瓣組成，花瓣尖端顏色最深，中心接近白色，環繞著直立的雄蕊和不同深淺的紫色花絲。全年間歇開花，春季和秋季為盛開季節。
  • 帕特里克·沃利 (Patrick Worley) 使用 Passiflora amethystina 和西番蓮 P. caerulea 培育出的雜交品種。
Scarlet passion flower (Passiflora coccinea) 洋紅西番蓮
Photo Date: 2017.04.30 Location: LA County

Notes for Scarlet passion flower (Passiflora coccinea) 洋紅西番蓮筆記

  • Passiflora coccinea (common names scarlet passion flower, red passion flower) is a fast-growing vine. The vine is native to northern South America. It produces edible fruit.
  • 洋紅西番蓮（俗名猩紅西番蓮、紅色西番蓮）是一種快速生長的藤本植物。這種藤本植物原產於南美洲北部。它會結出可食用的果實。

Notes for Passion Flowers (Passiflora) 西番蓮屬筆記

  • Passiflora, known also as the passion flowers or passion vines, is a genus of about 550 species of flowering plants, the type genus of the family Passifloraceae.
  • They are mostly tendril-bearing vines, with some being shrubs or trees. They usually have showy flowers.
  • Passifloras produce large quantity of nectar which attracts butterflies, hummingbirds and bats, main pollinators of these plants.
  • 60 species of passiflora produce edible fruit that is usually yellow or purple colored and egg-shaped.
  • Root and leaves of passiflora contain compounds with anti-anxiety and sedative properties that can be used in treatment of epilepsy, hysteria and insomnia.
  • The “Passion” in “passion flower” refers to the passion of Jesus in Christian theology. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Spanish Christian missionaries adopted the unique physical structures of this plant as symbols of the last days of Jesus and especially his crucifixion. Blue passion flower showing most elements of the Christian symbolism.
    • The pointed tips of the leaves were taken to represent the Holy Lance.
    • The tendrils represent the whips used in the flagellation of Christ.
    • The ten petals and sepals represent the ten faithful apostles (excluding St. Peter the denier and Judas Iscariot the betrayer).
    • The flower’s radial filaments, which can number more than a hundred and vary from flower to flower, represent the crown of thorns.
    • The chalice-shaped ovary with its receptacle represents a hammer or the Holy Grail.
    • The 3 stigmas represent the 3 nails and the 5 anthers below them the 5 wounds (four by the nails and one by the lance).
    • The blue and white colors of many species’ flowers represent Heaven and Purity.
    • In addition, the flower keeps open three days, symbolizing the three years’ ministry.
  • 西番蓮屬，也稱為西番蓮或西番蓮藤，是西番蓮科的開花植物，約有 550 種。
  • 它們大多是帶有捲須的藤蔓，但有些是灌木或樹木。通常有艷麗的花朵。
  • 西番蓮會產生大量的花蜜，吸引蝴蝶、蜂鳥和蝙蝠，它們是這些植物的主要傳粉媒介。
  • 60 種西番蓮會生岀可食用的水果，通常為黃色或紫色呈蛋形的果實。
  • 西番蓮的根和葉中含有具有抗焦慮和鎮靜作用的化合物，可用於治療癲癇，歇斯底里症和失眠症。
  • “熱情花” (“受難花”)中的“熱情”是指耶穌在基督教神學中的熱情。在15世紀和16世紀，西班牙基督教傳教士取用這種植物的獨特物理結構，將其作為耶穌末日被釘十字架的象徵。藍色的西番蓮，最能顯示岀基督教象徵主義中的元素。
    • 葉子的尖頭用來代表聖潔的長矛。
    • 卷鬚代表基督被鞭打的鞭子。
    • 十個花瓣和萼片代表十個忠實的使徒（不包括否認者聖彼得和背叛者猶大）。
    • 花的放射狀細絲，隨花而異可以多達一百多根，象徵荊棘的冠冕。
    • 帶聖杯狀的花托代表錘子或聖杯。
    • 3 個柱頭代表3個釘子，下面的5個花藥代表5個傷口（4個被釘子所傷，1個被長矛所傷）。
    • 許多種類的花朵的藍色和白色，代表天堂和純潔。
    • 另外，花開了三天，象徵著三年的事工。

References 參考資料

Plants Posts 植物的帖子

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